نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر، کرمان، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه رفتار حرکتی،دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی،دانشگاه شهید باهنر،کرمان، ایران

3 دکترای تربیت بدنی، دبیرآموزش و پرورش، بم، ایران

چکیده

ورزش و فعالیت جسمانی تأثیرات مثبتی بر عملکردهای جسمی و روانی دارند، اما نیاز است تأثیر آنها بر عملکردهای شناختی با جزئیات بیشتری توضیح داده شود. این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر فعالیت‌های بدنی منتخب با سطوح مختلف تداخل شناختی-حرکتی بر کارکردهای اجرایی 76 دختر 12-10 سالۀ شهرستان بم، با میانگین و انحراف استاندارد شاخص تودۀ بدن 5/1±73/18 و میانگین هوش 1/9±5/109 می‌پردازد که براساس نمرۀ به‌دست‌آمده در پیش‌آزمون، به‌صورت تصادفی در چهار گروه (شناختی بالا- حرکتی بالا، شناختی پایین- حرکتی بالا، شناختی بالا- حرکتی پایین و شناختی پایین - حرکتی پایین)، قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که تمرینات شناختی بالا-حرکتی بالا بر مؤلفۀ توجه و حافظۀ کاری کارکردهای اجرایی دختران 12-10 ساله تأثیر معنا‌داری دارد (05/0≥P). همچنین تمرینات شناختی پایین -حرکتی بالا بر مؤلفه‌های توجه، بازداری تأثیر معناداری دارد (05/0≥p). بین چهار گروه آزمودنی‌ها در مؤلفۀ توجه تفاوت معناداری مشاهده شد (001/0 P= و  257/4=(4،71)F). ولی در مؤلفۀ حافظۀ کاری و بازداری تفاوت معناداری دیده نشد
(373/0 = P و  057/1=(4،71)F). با استناد به نتایج این پژوهش، تمرینات شناختی -حرکتی در قالب فعالیت‌های بدنی بر مؤلفه‌های توجه و حافظۀ کاری و بازداری به‌عنوان سه مؤلفه از کارکردهای اجرایی بر دختران 10 تا 12 تأثیر معنا‌دار دارد، بنابراین، با جایگزین کردن و طراحی تمرینات شناختی –حرکتی به‌جای فعالیت‌های سنتی کلاس تربیت ‌بدنی می‌توان بهبود کارکردهای اجرایی را در دختران 10 تا 12 ساله فراهم کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Selected Physical Activities with Different Levels of Cognitive-Motor Interaction on Children's Executive Functions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amine Lashkarizade 1
  • Vahid Roohollahi 2
  • Mahshid Zarezade 2
  • Amin Khodabakhshzade 3

1 MSc, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran

3 Ph.D. of Physical Education, Teacher in Department of Education, Bam, Iran

چکیده [English]

Exercise and physical activity have positive effects on physical and mental performance, but their effect on cognitive function needs to be explained in more detail. This study examined the effect of selected physical activities with different levels of cognitive-motor interaction on the executive functions of 76 girls aged 10 to 12 years in Bam city, with mean and standard deviation of body mass index of 18.5 1 1.5 and average intelligence of 10.5 9 9.9. Based on the pre-test score, they were randomly divided into four groups (high cognitive-high motor, low cognitive-high motor, high cognitive-low motor and low cognitive-low motor). The results of covariance analysis showed that high cognitive-motor lifting exercises have a positive effect on attention and memory function of executive functions of 10 to 12-year-old girls and low cognitive-high-motor and low-cognitive-high-motor cognitive exercises have a positive effect on attentional and inhibitory components. There was a significant difference between high-motor, high-motor, low-motor, low-cognitive, high-motor, and low-cognitive-motor cognitive exercises in the attention component, but no significant difference was found in the component of working memory and inhibition. Therefore, based on the results of this research, by designing high-mobility cognitive exercises in the educational environment, it is possible to provide improvement of executive functions. Therefore, it is hoped that researchers will use the results of this research to improve the executive functions of children .

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Impact
  • physical activity
  • cognitive-motor interaction
  • executive function
  • girls
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