تأثیر زاویۀ نمایش بر مدت زمان چشم آرام و یادگیری پرتاب آزاد مینی‌بسکتبال در دختران10 تا 12 ساله

ملا نوروزی, کیوان; عطری, لیلا; رفیعی, صالح; بهاری, سید محی الدین

doi:10.22059/jsmdl.2025.386647.1814

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

¹ گروه رفتار حرکتی و روانشناسی ورزشی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران .

² گروه رفتار حرکتی و روانشناسی ورزشی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران ، ایران.

³ گروه علوم ورزشی، پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، تهران، ایران.

⁴ گروه علوم ورزشی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22059/jsmdl.2025.386647.1814

چکیده

مقدمه: یادگیری مشاهده‌ای یکی از رویکردهای مهم در آموزش مهارت‌های حرکتی است که می‌تواند از طریق جهت‌دهی به توجه و بهینه‌سازی راهبردهای بینایی، به بهبود عملکرد منجر شود. یکی از شاخص‌های کلیدی در این زمینه، «چشم آرام» است که نقش مهمی در دقت اجرای مهارت‌های هدف‌گیری دارد. از این‌رو، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تأثیر زاویۀ نمایش بر یادگیری پرتاب آزاد مینی‌بسکتبال و مدت زمان چشم آرام در دختران ۱۰ تا ۱۲ ساله پرداخت.
روش پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر از نوع نیمه‌تجربی، مقطعی و کاربردی است. جامعۀ آماری شامل دانش‌آموزان دختر مقطع ابتدایی بود. شرکت‌کنندگان در دو گروه الگودهی با نمای ساجیتال و فرونتال قرار گرفتند. متغیر چشم آرام با استفاده از دستگاه ردیابی بینایی دوچشمی Pupil Labs Core ثبت شد. داده‌ها پس از بررسی نرمال بودن با تحلیل واریانس مرکب و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد اثر مرحلۀ اندازه‌گیری بر دقت پرتاب آزاد و مدت زمان چشم آرام معنادار است، درحالی‌که اثر گروه و تعامل گروه × مرحله معنا‌دار نبود. هر دو گروه افزایش معنا‌داری را در عملکرد پرتاب و مدت زمان چشم آرام از پیش‌آزمون تا یادداری نشان دادند.
نتایج: یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که یادگیری مشاهده‌ای، صرف‌نظر از زاویۀ نمایش، موجب بهبود پایدار عملکرد حرکتی و شاخص‌های بینایی می‌شود و نمای اول‌ شخص و سوم ‌شخص اثربخشی مشابهی در الگودهی حرکتی کودکان دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Demonstration Angle on Quiet Eye Duration and Learning of Mini-Basketball Free Throw in 10-12-year-old girls

نویسندگان [English]

Kayvan Norouzi ¹
Leila Atri ²
Saleh Rafiee ³
Mohialdin Bahari ⁴

¹ Department of Motor behavior and sport psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University ,Tehran, Iran.

² Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran , Iran.

³ Department of Sport Sciences, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.

⁴ Department of sport science ,SR.C., Islamic Azad University ,Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction:Observational learning is one of the important approaches in teaching motor skills and can lead to performance improvement by directing attention and optimizing visual strategies. One of the key indicators in this field is the quiet eye, which plays a critical role in the accuracy of aiming-based skills. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effect of demonstration angle on learning the mini-basketball free throw and quiet eye duration in girls aged 10 to 12 years.
Methods: This study was semi‑experimental in design and is classified as cross‑sectional and applied. The statistical population consisted of female elementary school students from District 1 of Tehran. Participants were assigned to two observational modeling groups: one with a sagittal (side) viewing perspective and the other with a frontal viewing perspective. Quiet eye duration was recorded using a binocular eye‑tracking system (Pupil Labs Core). After confirming data normality, the data were analyzed using mixed‑design analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc tests.
Results: The findings indicated that the main effect of measurement stage on free‑throw accuracy and quiet eye duration was significant, whereas the main effect of group and the interaction between group and stage were not significant. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in free‑throw performance and quiet eye duration from the pre‑test to the retention test.
Conclusion: The results suggest that observational learning, regardless of demonstration angle, leads to stable improvements in motor performance and visual‑perceptual indices. Moreover, first‑person and third‑person perspectives appear to have comparable effectiveness in motor modeling among children.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Observational Learning
Viewing Angle
Gaze Behavior
Mini Basketball
Children

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رشد و یادگیری حرکتی ورزشی

تأثیر زاویۀ نمایش بر مدت زمان چشم آرام و یادگیری پرتاب آزاد مینی‌بسکتبال در دختران10 تا 12 ساله

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 18، شماره 1
فروردین 1405

تأثیر زاویۀ نمایش بر مدت زمان چشم آرام و یادگیری پرتاب آزاد مینی‌بسکتبال در دختران10 تا 12 ساله

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 18، شماره 1فروردین 1405

دوره 18، شماره 1
فروردین 1405