نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد،رفتارحرکتی،دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران،ایران

2 دانشیار،رفتارحرکتی،دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران،ایران

3 استادیار،رفتارحرکتی،دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران،ایران

4 استادیار،فیزیولوژی ورزشی ،دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران،ایران

چکیده

تقریباً همة ما به نقش پررنگ فعالیت ورزشی در بسیاری از جنبه­های زندگی روزمره و تا حدودی عملکردهای شناختی آگاهیم، ولی مسئله­ای که اخیراً ذهن محققان را درگیر کرده، بررسی تأثیر انواع مختلف فعالیت­های ورزشی بر عملکردهای شناختی و از طرف دیگر سازوکارهای واسطه­ای این اثر است. ازاین­رو هدف از پژوهش حاضر، تعیین تأثیر دو نوع فعالیت ورزشی استقامتی و مقاومتی بر میزان توجه و عامل رشد عصبی مشتق­شده از مغز (BDNF) دانشجویان کم­تحرک بود. به این منظور از میان دانشجویان دانشگاه تهران، 46 دانشجوی کم­تحرک (میانگین سنی 8/1 ± 3/24)، براساس پیش­آزمون استروپ در سه گروه استقامتی، مقاومتی و کنترل توزیع شدند و بعد از نمونه­گیری خونی، تمرینات خود را براساس پروتکل تمرین استقامتی و مقاومتی مخصوص به خود، به مدت 5 هفته ادامه دادند. در پایان، آزمون استروپ و نمونه­گیری خونی، به­منظور حذف آثار موقت تمرین، حداقل 48 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسة تمرین به­عمل آمد. برای تجزیه­وتحلیل داده­ها از آزمون­های کلوموگروف – اسمیرنوف برای تعیین طبیعی بودن توزیع داده­ها، از تی زوجی، تحلیل واریانس یکراهه، تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره، آزمون تعقیبی دانت و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، در سطح معناداری 05/0 P≤ استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد پیشرفت معناداری در زمان پاسخ به آزمون استروپ در هر دو گروه استقامتی و مقاومتی رخ داده است، ولی بیان BDNF فقط در گروه استقامتی به­صورت معناداری افزایش یافت (05/0 P<). در مورد هیچ یک از متغیرها، گروه کنترل پیشرفتی از خود نشان نداد (05/0 P>). همچنین نتایج نشان داد تفاوت معناداری بین اثرگذاری دو فعالیت ورزشی استقامتی و مقاومتی، بر زمان پاسخ به آزمون استروپ و همچنین بیان BDNF وجود نداشت (05/0 P<). همبستگی بین تغییرات زمان پاسخ به آزمون استروپ و بیان BDNF نیز از نظر آماری معنادار نبود (05/0 P>). به­طور کلی یافته­های این تحقیق نشان داد که فعالیت ورزشی می­تواند به بهبود عملکردهای شناختی منجر شود، ولی در پاسخ به اینکه چه فعالیتی مثمرثمرتر است، تفاوت معناداری بین فعالیت استقامتی و مقاومتی مشاهده نشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Two Types of Exercise (Endurance and Resistance) on Attention and Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor Levels in Sedentary Students

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abolfazl Shayan 1
  • Fazlolah Bagherzadeh 2
  • Mehdi Shahbazi 3
  • Siroos Choobineh 4

1 M.Sc. of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant Professor of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The vital role of exercise in many aspects of daily life and somewhat cognitive
functions are acknowledged but a point that has recently gained researchers'
attention is to investigate the effect of different types of exercises on cognitive
functions and the mediating mechanisms of this effect. The aim of this study was to
determine the effect of two types of endurance and resistance exercises on the
levels of attention and BDNF of sedentary students. Therefore, 46 sedentary
students from University of Tehran (mean age 24.3+1.8 yr) were assigned to three
groups: endurance, resistance and control after the Stroop pretest. After blood
samples had been collected, the subjects continued their exercise protocol for five
weeks. Finally, at least 48 hours after the last session, the Stroop test was
performed and blood samples were collected in order to eliminate the temporary
effects of exercises. For data analysis, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, paired sample t
test, one–way ANOVA, MANOVA test, Dunnett's T3 post hoc test and Pearson
correlation coefficient test were used (P≤0.05). Results showed a significant
improvement in the response time of Stroop test in both endurance and resistance
groups while expression of BDNF significantly increased only in endurance group
(P<0.05). The control group showed no improvement in any variables. In addition,
there was no significant difference between the effect of two types of exercise on
the response time of the Stroop test and expression of BDNF (P>0.05). There was
no significant correlation between the variations of response time of the Stroop test
and expression of BDNF (P>0.05). Finally, this research indicated that exercise
can improve cognitive functions, but there was no significant difference between
endurance and resistance exercises in response to this question that which activity
was more useful.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • attention
  • endurance exercise
  • Neurotropic
  • Resistance exercise
  • Sedentary
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