نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری، گرایش رشد حرکتی، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

براساس فرضیۀ اختصاصی ‌تمرین، در دسترس ‌بودن بینایی در طول تمرین، به تخریب عملکرد در آزمون انتقال بدون ‌بینایی منجر می‌شود. یک فرضیه این است که بینایی‌کامل به‌عنوان منبع اطلاعاتی غالب مانع پردازش منابع‌ حسی دیگر می‌شود، در این‌ صورت احتمالاً تضعیف بینایی موجب کاهش تسلط بینایی بر دیگر منابع ‌حسی می‌شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین تأثیر سطوح متفاوت بینایی و مقدار تمرین بر دقت پرتاب دارت اجرا شد. به ‌این منظور 30 نفر از دانشجویان دختر راست‌دست دانشگاه شهید ‌‌بهشتی‌ با میانگین سنی 47/1±80/22سال، داوطلبانه انتخاب و به‌طور تصادفی به سه گروه ‌بینایی‌کامل، بدون‌ بینایی و بینایی ‌تضعیف‌شده تقسیم شدند. مراحل اکتساب شامل دو مرحلۀ تمرین ‌کم (45 کوشش) و  تمرین زیاد (300 کوشش) بود. نتایج تحلیل‌ واریانس ‌دو‌عاملی‌ مرکب (3×2) نشان داد که حذف بینایی اثر تخریبی در اوایل تمرین نداشت، اما پس از تمرین زیاد، با حذف بینایی اثر تخریبی در اجرای گروه بینایی‌کامل، مشاهده شد (001/0=P). همچنین عملکرد گروه بینایی ‌تضعیف‌شده تحت تأثیر حذف بینایی قرار نگرفت که می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که بینایی ‌تضعیف‌شده احتمالاً مانع پردازش دیگر منابع اطلاعات‌حسی نمی‌شود. یافته‌های این تحقیق از فرضیۀ اختصاصی‌تمرین پس از 300 کوشش تمرینی با حذف بینایی حمایت کرد. اما از این فرضیه با اضافه کردن بینایی حمایت نشد و غالب بودن اطلاعات حس ‌عمقی مشاهده نشد. احتمالاً وابستگی به منبع اطلاعات‌آور برتر (در اینجا بینایی) زودتر اتفاق می‌افتد، درحالی‌که وابستگی به منبع اطلاعاتی ثانویه (حس‌عمقی) زمان‌بر است و بعد از تعداد کوشش‌های تمرینی بیشتری رخ می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Different Vision Levels and Amount of Practice on Dart Throwing Accuracy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behrouz Abdoli 1
  • Nassour Ahmadi 2
  • Azam Ghazi 3

1

2

3

چکیده [English]

According to specificity of practice hypothesis, availability of visual information during practice induces performance decrement in no-vision transfer test. One hypothesis is that full vision as a dominant source of information prevents the processing of other sensory sources, in which case, weakened vision may reduce dominance of vision over other sensory sources. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of different vision levels and amount of practice on dart throwing accuracy. 30 right-handed female students of Shahid Beheshti University (mean age 22.80±1.47) were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into three groups: full vision, no-vision and weakened vision. The acquisition phase consisted of two phases of low (45 trials) and high (300 trials) amount of practice. Mixed model ANOVA (2x3) showed that removing vision had no deteriorating effect at the beginning of the practice , but it had a deteriorating effect after extensive practice in the performance of full vision group (P=0.001). Moreover, removing vision did not affect the performance of weakened vision group which could indicate that weakened visual might not prevent the processing of other sources of sensory information. The results of this study supported specificity of practice hypothesis after 300 trials of practice with removing vision. But this hypothesis was not supported with adding vision and dominance of proprioceptive information was not observed. It was likely that dependence on dominant sources of information (vision) appeared sooner while dependence on secondary sources of information (proprioceptive) takes more time and appeared after more trials of practice.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • amount of practice
  • dart throwing accuracy
  • sources of afferent information
  • specificity of practice hypothesis
  • weakened vision
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