نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 استاد، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
روش تمرینی دوتایی روشی است که در آن افراد در گروههای دونفری برای یادگیری مهارتهای حرکتی با هم مشارکت میکنند و به‌نظر می‌رسد این روش با افزایش کارایی و اثربخشی شرایط تمرین ویژگیهای یک محیط بهینۀ آموزشی را داشته باشد. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی تأثیر تمرین دوتایی بر یادگیری شنای کرال سینه بود. به این منظور 20 کودک پسر 7 تا 9 ساله، دو گروه 10 نفرۀ تمرین دوتایی و انفرادی را تشکیل دادند. نوآموزان گروه دوتایی پس از شنیدن دستورالعملهای آموزشی و مشاهدۀ مدل ماهر، دوبهدو می‌شدند و نیمی از آنها با ورود به آب به اجرای بدنی مهارت مورد نظر از شنای کرال سینه میپرداختند و فرد بیرون از آب در نقش مربی برای یار خود پس از مشاهدۀ دقیق کوشش او بازخورد اجرای وی را میداد. پس از هر چند کوشش نوآموزان نقش خود را با هم عوض می‌کردند. این در حالی بود که کودکان گروه تمرین انفرادی پس از دستورالعملهای آموزشی و مشاهدۀ مدل ماهر، همه وارد آب می‌شدند و همزمان به اجرای بدنی مهارت مورد نظر میپرداختند. در آزمون یادداری از اجرای 10 متر شنای هر کودک فیلمبرداری شد و سپس فیلمها توسط دو مربی فدراسیون با استفاده از چکلیست ارزیابی شنای کرال سینه ارزیابی شد. ضریب پایایی بین آزمونگری 90/0 به‌دستآمد. نتایج آزمون یادداری نشان‌دهندۀ اختلاف معنادار گروه تمرین دوتایی نسبت به گروه تمرین انفرادی بود (05/0>P). براساس نتایج میتوان نتیجهگیری کرد که روش دوتایی، علاوه‌بر مقرونبهصرفه بودن از لحاظ مصرف انرژی و فضای آموزشی، اثربخشی بیشتری نیز نسبت به روشهای سنتی آموزش شنا دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of Dyad Training on Learning Front Crawl Swimming
نویسندگان [English]
- Shahab Parvinpour 1
- Mahmood Sheikh 2
- Rasol Hemayattalab 3
- Fazlollah Bagherzadeh 2
1 kharazmi university
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Dyad training is a method in which pair groups participate in learning motor skills and it seems that it could be characterized as an optimal instructional environment through enhancing effectiveness and efficiency of training conditions. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of dyad training on learning front crawl swimming. Twenty 7-10-year-old boys were assigned to two groups of dyad and individual training (each group 10 subjects). After receiving instructions and observing the perfect skill, subjects were paired; one half entered the water to perform the required skill and the other half stayed outside and like a coach gave his partner a feedback on his performance after observing his trial. After some trials, they exchanged their roles. However, after receiving instructions and observing the perfect model, all children in individual group entered the water and simultaneously performed the required skill. In the retention test, each child’s 10 m swimming was filmed and these clips were evaluated by 2 federation coaches using front crawl swimming checklist. The inter class correlation coefficient was 0.90. The results of retention test showed a significant difference between dyad and individual groups (P<0.05). So it can be concluded that dyad training method is not only economical in terms of energy consumption and instructional environment but also more effective compared with the traditional swimming instruction methods.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Children
- dyad training method
- front crawl swimming
- observational
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