نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، دانشکدۀ علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدۀ علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 استادیار، دانشکدۀ علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

برای ایجاد محیط‌های یادگیری کارآمدتر، نقش یادگیرنده و تأثیر او بر فرایند یادگیری باید مدنظر قرار گیرد. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر تعیین نحوۀ اثرگذاری تمرین خودکنترل بر اجرا و یادگیری الگوهای حرکتی بود. درمجموع60 دانشجوی کارشناسی دختر (میانگین سن: 73/20 سال، انحراف استاندارد: 98/2) به روش تصادفی در چهار گروه با نظم تمرین خودکنترل یا سه گروه جفت‌شده با گروه خودکنترل جایگزین شدند. در مرحلۀ اکتساب به گروه خودکنترل گفته شد پیش از تمرین هر کوشش می‌توانند هر یک از سه الگوی حرکتی را که می‌خواهند انتخاب کنند. برنامۀ ‌تمرین هر عضو گروه خودکنترل مبنایی شد برای برنامه‌ریزی تمرین از پیش تعیین‌شدۀ شرکت‌کنندگان متناظر در گروه‌های کنترل جفت‌شده. گروه‌های کنترل جفت‌شده تکالیف را با تغییرپذیری زیاد، کم، یا بدون تغییرپذیری (گروه جفت‌شدۀ کلاسیک) تمرین کردند. نتایج نشان داد گروه خودکنترل هم در مرحلۀ اکتساب و هم در آزمون‌های یادداری تکالیف را سریع‌تر از دیگر گروه‌های کنترل جفت‌شده اجرا کرد. یافته‌ها بیانگر این است که اگر در تمرین چند مهارت حرکتی به فراگیر اجازۀ انتخاب داده شود، آثار تسهیل‌کننده‌ای در اجرا و یادگیری حرکتی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Facilitating Effect of Self-Controlled Practice on Learning Multiple Motor Skills

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Salehi 1
  • Somayeh Shahdousti 2
  • Mehdi Rafaei Boroujeni 3
  • Maryam Nezakatalhosaini 3

1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

2 MA, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

چکیده [English]

To create more efficient learning environments, the learner’s role and his/her influence on the learning process should be considered. The aim of this study was to determine the way self-controlled practice affected performance and learning of motor patterns. 60 female undergraduate students (mean age = 20.73 yr., SD = 2.98) were randomly assigned to four groups that ordered self-controlled practice or three yoked-to-self-controlled. In the acquisition phase, the self-controlled group was told they could choose whichever of three motor patterns they wanted before they practiced each trial. Each self-controlled participant’s practice schedule was served as the predetermined practice schedule for each corresponding participant in the yoked control groups. The yoked control participants practiced the tasks with high, low, or no (classic yoked-control) variability. The results showed that the self-controlled group performed the tasks faster than the other yoked control groups in both the acquisition phase and the retention tests. The findings suggest that if the learners are allowed to choose the sequence of practice in multiple motor skills, this would have facilitating effects on their performance and motor learning.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Contextual interference
  • motor learning
  • practice variability
  • Self-Regulation
  • yoked controls
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