نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه یادگیری و کنترل حرکتی، پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، تهران، ایران
2 دانش‌آموختۀ رشد حرکتی از دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر مقایسۀ میزان اثربخشی تمرینات ادراکی حرکتی و بازی‌های شناختی بر رشد شناختی کودکان کم‌توان ذهنی بود.در این تحقیق تجربی 45 کودک کم‌توان ذهنی در استان کرمانشاه در ردۀ سنی 8 تا 12سال به‌صورت تصادفی به سه گروه تمرینات ادراکی حرکتی، تمرینات شناختی و کنترل تقسیم شدند. برنامۀ ادراکی حرکتی شامل پروتکل سالاری و همکاران (1393) و کاشی و همکاران (1395) و بازی‌های شناختی شامل مجموعه بازی‌های شناختی مغز من بود که به‌صورت نرم‌افزار اجرا شد. گروه‌ها هشت هفته، هر هفته دو جلسه و هر جلسه به مدت 45 دقیقه در برنامۀ تمرینی خود شرکت کردند و قبل و بعد از تمرینات با استفاده از آزمون کامپیوتری برج لندن و آزمون رنگ ـ واژه استروپ پیش و پس‌آزمون از آنها گرفته شد و توسط آزمون‌های مانکوا و آنکوا اطلاعات به‌دست‌آمده تحلیل شد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد بین گروه‌های تمرین ادراکی حرکتی، بازی‌های شناختی و کنترل در آزمون‌های کامپیوتری برج لندن و آزمون رنگ ـ واژه استروپ تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد و تمرینات ادراکی حرکتی نسبت به بازی‌های شناختی تأثیر بیشتری بر بهبود عملکرد شناختی کودکان کم‌توان ذهنی دارد. ازاین‌رو می‌توان نتیجه گرفت اگرچه هر دو نوع بازی در بهبود رشد شناختی مؤثرند و می‌توان برای رشد بهتر کودکان از آنها استفاده کرد، اما تمرینات ادراکی حرکتی نسبت به تمرینات شناختی ابزار بهتری برای ایجاد تأثیرات رشدی بیشتر است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of Perceptual Motor Training and Cognitive Games on Cognitive Development in Mentally Retarded Children
نویسندگان [English]
- Ali Kashi 1
- Saleh Rafiee 1
- Misagh Zereshkian 2
1 . Assistant Professor, Department of Motor Learning and Control, Sport Science Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
2 Graduate in Motor Development, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of perceptual motor training and cognitive games on cognitive development in mentally retarded children. In this experimental study, 45 mentally retarded children aged between 8 and 12 in Kermanshah province were randomly divided into 3 groups: perceptual motor training, cognitive training and control. The perceptual motor program included the protocol of Salari et al. (2014) and Kashi et al. (2015) and cognitive games included a collection of cognitive games of my brain that was run as software. The groups participated in the program for 8 weeks, 2 sessions per week and 45 minutes per session. Before and after the training, they participated in London Tower computer test and the Stroop color-word test as pretest and posttest. Data were analyzed with Mancova and Ancova tests.The findings of the study showed a significant difference among perceptual motor training, cognitive games and control in London Tower computer test and Stroop color-word test. Perceptual motor training had a greater effect on the improvement of cognitive functions in mentally retarded children than cognitive games. Therefore, it can be concluded that although both types of games play an effective role in improving cognitive development and can be used to improve children's well-being, perceptual motor training is a better tool to create more development effects than cognitive training.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Children
- cognitive development
- cognitive games
- mental retardation
- perceptual motor training
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