نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 استاد دانشکدة علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری رفتار حرکتی، دانشکدة علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشکدة علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

مکانیزم‌های درگیر در خبرگی در دهۀ اخیر به‌شدت مورد توجه پژوهشگران قرار گرفته است. آنها به‌دنبال کشف این مطلب هستند که چگونه افراد برای کسب مهارت بیشتر با تکالیف پیچیده روبه‌رو می‌شوند و بر محدودیت‌ها غلبه می‌کنند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، مقایسۀ رفتارهای خیرگی و مهارت تصمیم‌گیری در فوتبالیست‌های ماهر (12 نفر) و مبتدی (12 نفر) بود. شرکت‌کنندگان در این پژوهش 24 فوتبالیست پسر 19 تا 25 ساله بودند که در دو گروه ماهر و مبتدی قرار گرفتند. بازیکنان ماهر و مبتدی تصاویری از موقعیت‌های مختلف را مشاهده کردند و پیش‌بینی خود را در مورد ضربۀ موردنظر با انتخاب کلید مناسب در حداقل زمان ممکن ارائه دادند. تعداد و مدت تثبیت‌ها از طریق دستگاه ردیابی حرکات چشم به‌همراه دقت و سرعت تصمیم‌گیری برای هر آزمودنی ثبت شد. نتایج آزمون تحلیل واریانس در مورد مهارت تصمیم‌گیری نشان داد که تفاوت معناداری بین دو گروه در سرعت و دقت تصمیم‌گیری وجود دارد؛ اما نتایج حاصل از رفتارهای خیرگی نشان داد که تفاوت معناداری بین تعداد و مدت تثبیت‌های دو گروه وجود ندارد. این نتایج نشان می‌دهد که بازیکنان ماهر براساس ادراک چشمگیری قادر به انتخاب نشانه‌های مربوطه از صفحۀ نمایش هستند. علاوه‌بر این نتایج نشان می‌دهد که بازیکنان ماهر ادراک بینایی بالاتر و تصمیم‌گیری بهتری را در مقایسه با بازیکنان مبتدی نشان می‌دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparison of Gaze Behaviors and Decision Making in Skilled and Novice Football Players

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Mohammadzade 1
  • Parisa Parsafar 2
  • Jalal Dehghanizade 3

1 Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 PhD Student of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

چکیده [English]

The mechanisms involved in expertise in the last decade have received a great deal of attention of researchers. They try to understand how performers are able to deal with complex tasks and overcome limitations to become highly skilled. The aim of this study was to compare gaze behaviors and decision making skill among skilled (n=12) and novice (n=12) football players. 24 male football players (age range: 19-25 years old) took part in the study and were divided into two groups of experts and novices. Participants watched images of different situations and provided their prediction of the desired kicks by choosing the right key in the shortest time possible. The number and duration of fixations and the accuracy and speed of decision making were recorded using Eye Tracking and Reaction Time device. The results of ANOVA on decision making skill showed a significant difference between the two groups in their decision making speed and accuracy, but the results of the gaze behaviors showed no significant difference in the number and duration of fixations between the two groups. These results showed that expert players are able to select the appropriate signs of the screen based on a considerable amount of perception. In addition, the results of this study showed that expert players show higher perception of vision and better decision making than novice players.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Decision making skill
  • eye tracking
  • fixation duration
  • gaze
  • number of fixations
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