نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه یادگیری و کنترل حرکتی، دانشکدة تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار و مدیر گروه، گروه یادگیری و کنترل حرکتی، دانشکدة تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه یادگیری و کنترل حرکتی، دانشکدة تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی ظهور مهارت برجسته در پرتاب آزاد بسکتبال در سطوح مختلف مهارتی طبق مدل یادگیری نیوول بود.شرکت‌کنندگان در سه گروه مهارتی (10=n)، مرحلۀ هماهنگی، مرحلۀ کنترل هماهنگی و مرحلۀ بهینه‌سازی قرار گرفتند و تعداد 350 شوت ثابت را از هفت نقطۀ پارامتری (74/2، 35/3، 96/3، 57/4، 18/5، 79/5، 4/6)، هر نقطه 50 شوت انجام دادند. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد دقتِ افرادی که در مرحلۀ سوم نیوول قرار داشتند، در نقطۀ 57/4 متری که همان خط پنالتی است، به‌طور معنی‌داری از پیش‌بینی معادلۀ رگرسیون بالاتر بود و از ظهور مهارت برجسته حمایت کرد (05/0>P)، ولی سایر نقاط از اصول تغییرپذیری نیرو پیروی کردند و با افزایش پارامتر مسافت دقت اجرا کاهش یافت. همچنین بررسی رگرسیون چندگانه نشان داد که سایر نقاط مشارکتی در ظهور مهارت برجسته ندارند و این نتیجه شاید دلیلی باشد برای رد کردن دیدگاه عمومی بودن در به‌وجود آمدن مهارت برجسته.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Emergence of Special Skill in Basketball Free Throw with Different Levels of Expertise

نویسندگان [English]

  • Faranak Poorhosseini 1
  • Mehdi Shahbazi 2
  • Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni 3

1 Ph.D Student, Department of Motor Learning and Control, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Motor Learning and Control , Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Motor Learning and Control , Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to investigate the emergence of special skill in basketball free throw at different skill levels based on Newell's model of learning stages. Participants were assigned to three skill groups (n=10): coordination group, coordination control group, and optimization group. They threw 350 fixed shots from 7 parametric points (2.74, 3.35, 3.96, 4.57, 5.18, 5.79, 6.4), carrying out 50 shots in each point. Regression analysis showed that the accuracy of those who were in the third stage of Newell's model in 4.57 m point, which is the same line of penalty, was significantly higher than the anticipated regression equation and supported the emergence of special skill (P>0.05), but the rest of the points did not follow the principles of force variability and performance accuracy decreased by increasing distance parameter. Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed that the rest of the points had no contribution to the emergence of special skill and this conclusion may be the reason for rejecting generalized theory in the creation of special skill.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Generalization of practice
  • Newell model
  • schema theory
  • special skill
  • specificity of practice
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