تأثیر دو شیوۀ تمرین هوازی بر تعادل ایستا و پویای زنان سالمند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکدۀ علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری،گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکدۀ علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

هدف از مطالعۀ حاضر، تعیین تأثیر دو شیوة تمرین هوازى بر تعادل ایستا و پویاى زنان سالمند است. برای دستیابی به این هدف 36 زن سالمند 75-60 سال به‌صورت تصادفی در سه گروه قرار گرفتند: 1. گروه تمرین پیاده‌روی یا دویدن (12 نفر)، 2. گروه تمرین در آب (12 نفر)، 3. گروه کنترل (12 نفر). سپس دو گروه 1و2 به مدت 8 هفته و هفته‌ای سه جلسه در برنامۀ تمرینی پیاده‌روی (دویدن نرم) و تمرین در آب شرکت کردند. گروه کنترل در طول اجرای طرح، به فعالیت‌های روزمرۀ خود می‌پرداختند و در فعالیت ورزشی خاصی شرکت نمی‌کردند. برای اندازه‌گیری تعادل ایستا و پویا از آزمون‌های شارپند رومبرگ و چوب موازنه استفاده شد. برای بررسی فرضیه‌های پژوهش و همچنین تعیین تفاوت بین گروه‌ها، از آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس (SPSS21) بهره گرفته شد. نتایج آزمون‌های آماری تفاوت معناداری را در نمرات پس‌آزمون مابین گروه‌های آزمایش و کنترل نشان داد (05/0P˂). همچنین نتایج نشان داد که گروه اول (پیاده‌روی و دویدن) در تعادل ایستا و پویا امتیازهای بیشتری نسبت به گروه دوم (تمرین در آب) کسب کرده است. از نتایج به‌دست‌آمده چنین برداشت می‌شود که هردو برنامۀ تمرینی به‌ویژه تمرین پیاده‌روی و دویدن نرم به‌منظور کاهش مشکلات این گروه از افراد مناسب است و مراکز مربوطه می‌توانند از آن به‌عنوان برنامۀ تمرینی استفاده کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Two Types of Aerobic Exercise on Static and Dynamic Balance of the Elderly Women

نویسندگان [English]

  • fazlollah bagherzadeh 1
  • ayoub hashemi 2
  • hassan baghandeh 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran university of tehran.faculty of physical education & sport science
2 PhD Student, Department of Motor Behavior, Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 PhD Student, Department of Motor Behavior, Sport Sciences Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of two types of aerobic exercises on static and dynamic balance of the elderly women. 36 elderly women (60 to 75 years old) were randomly assigned to three groups: 1) walking or jogging (n=12) 2) exercise in water (n=12) 3) control (n=12). Groups 1 and 2 participated in walking (jogging) and exercise in water program for 8 weeks, 3 session per week. The control group had their own daily activities and did not participate in any special kind of sports during this program. Sharpened Romberg and stick balance tests were used to measure the dynamic and static balance. Analysis covariance test (SPSS21) was used to check research hypotheses and to determine the difference among the groups. The results showed significant differences in posttest scores between experimental and control groups (P˂0.05). The results also showed that the group 1 (walking and jogging) gained more scores in dynamic and static balance than the group 2 (exercise in water). It seems that both types of the aerobic exercises especially walking and jogging are appropriate for decreasing the difficulties of this group and can be used as an exercise program in training centers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • aerobic exercise
  • Dynamic balance
  • Elderly
  • static balance
  • Women

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نشریه رشد و یادگیری حرکتی
دوره 11، شماره 3
آذر 1398
صفحه 247-262

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 09 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 آذر 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1395
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 آذر 1398

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