نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری یادگیری حرکتی، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 استاد رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
3 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی ، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
4 استادیار گروه مهندسی پزشکی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی تأثیر خطای بینایی بر یادگیری یک مهارت حرکتی پرتابی در کودکان مبتلا به اوتیسم بود. روش تحقیق از نوع نیمه‌تجربی با طرح سنجش مکرر و آزمون یادداری بود. نمونۀ آماری تحقیق 33 نفر از کودکان 10 سالۀ مبتلا به اوتیسم بودند که به‌صورت در دسترس انتخاب و به‌صورت تصادفی به سه گروه ادراک دایره بزرگ‌تر، ادراک دایره کوچک‌تر و گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند. ابزار مورد استفاده در خطای ابینگهاوس نمایش داده‌شده روی زمین و کیسۀ لوبیا برای پرتاب از پایین شانه به سمت هدف بود. روش اجرا بدین‌صورت بود که ابتدا شرکت‌کنندگان 10 کوشش را در مرحلۀ پیش‌آزمون اجرا کردند. سپس در مرحلۀ اکتساب 20 بلوک 10 کوششی را اجرا کردند. 48 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسۀ اکتساب آزمون یادداری در 10 کوشش از آزمودنی‌ها گرفته شد. به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها، از آزمون تحلیل واریانس مرکب با اندازه‌گیری تکراری، تحلیل واریانس یکراهه به‌همراه تعقیبی توکی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که هم در مرحلۀ اکتساب و هم در مرحلۀ یادداری بین گروه‌ها تفاوت معناداری مشاهده شد که این تفاوت به نفع گروه ادراک دایره بزرگ‌تر بود. در کل، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که دستکاری سادۀ ادراکی می‌تواند یادگیری حرکتی را در کودکان مبتلا به اوتیسم افزایش دهد. بنابراین، به مربیان و معلمان ورزشی پیشنهاد می‌شود که از این متغیر به‌منظور بهبود عملکردها و بهبود جلسات تمرینی استفاده کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of Two Types of Ebbinghaus Visual Illusion on Learning a Motor Skill in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohammad Hossein Zamani 1
- Hamidreza Taheri Torbati 2
- Aireza Saberi Kakhki 3
- Majid Ghoshoni 4
1 PhD. Student motor Learning, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Ferdowsi Mashhad University, Mashhad, Iran .
2 Professor motor behavior, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Ferdowsi Mashhad University, Mashhad, Iran
3 Associated professor motor behavior, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Ferdowsi Mashhad University, Mashhad, Iran
4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual illusion on the learning of throwing skills in autism children. The research method was semi-experimental with repeated design and retention test. The statistical sample of this study was 33 children of 10 years old who were selected available and were divided into three groups randomly: larger circle perceptions, smaller circle perceptions and control group. The tool used in this study was the Ebbinghaus illusion displayed on the ground and the beanbags for throwing from down to shoulder to goal. At first, the participants performed ten trials at the pre-test phase. Then, in the acquisition phase, 20 blocks completed 10 trials. 48 hours after the last session of the acquisition, a retention test was performed in 10 trials of the participant. To analyze the data, mixed analysis of variance analysis with repeated measures, one way analysis of variance and Tukey's follow-up were used. The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the groups both in the acquisition phase and in the retention phase between the groups, which this difference was in favor of the larger circle's perception group. Overall, the results of this study showed that a simple perceptual manipulation can increase motor learning in children with autism. Therefore, it is suggested to educators and sports practitioners to use this variable to improve their performance and improve their training sessions.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Learning
- Ebbinghaus Visual Illusion
- Autism Children
- Throwing motor skills
- weak central coherence theory
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