نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه تربیت بدنی دانشگاه پیام نور تهران ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد رشد حرکتی دانشگاه پیام نور تهران ایران

چکیده

تمرکز، در تیراندازی نقش مهمی ‌دارد. برخی توانایی تمرکز را از استعدادهای طبیعی و ذاتی ورزشکاران دانسته‌اند، حال آنکه این توانایی‌ها ذاتی نیست و مهارت‌هایی است که ورزشکاران می‌توانند از طریق تمرین و آموختن به‌دست آورند. یکی از راه‏های افزایش تمرکز، استفاده از تحریک الکتریکی فراجمجمه‏ای مغز با استفاده از جریان الکتریکی مستقیم (tDCS) است. بدین‌منظور به بررسی تأثیر تحریک الکتریکی فراجمجمه‏ای مغز با استفاده از جریان الکتریکی مستقیم بر تمرکز و رکورد تیراندازان تپانچه 16-26 سالۀ شهر اصفهان پرداخته شد. در پژوهش 30 آزمودنی (خانم و آقا) حضور داشتند که 15 نفر آنها در گروه تجربی و 15 نفر برای گروه کنترل انتخاب شدند. پیش از شروع کار از آزمودنی‏های هر دو گروه پیش‏آزمون شامل تست استروپ و فرم کامل تیراندازی شامل 60 تیر با دستگاه اسکت گرفته شد و پس از آن افراد گروه تجربی تحت تأثیر تحریک الکتریکی فراجمجمه‏ای مغز با استفاده از جریان الکتریکی مستقیم از ناحیۀT3 و CZ به مدت 20 دقیقه با ولتاژ یک میلی‏آمپر در یک روز و به مدت 10 جلسه به‌صورت مداوم قرار گرفتند. پس از پایان کار و گذشت 7 روز از همۀ آزمودنی‏ها پس‏آزمون گرفته شد که همان موارد پیش‌آزمون بود. داده‏های به‌دست‌آمده با استفاده از SPSS و سپس تحلیل کوواریانس بررسی شد. در این تحقیق، سطح معناداری برای آمار بخش تمرکز 005/0 و برای آمار بخش رکورد 0001/0 به‌دست آمد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده هم در آمار توصیفی و هم در آمار استنباطی با 05/0 >P نشان‌دهندۀ این بود که تحریک الکتریکی فراجمجمه‏ای مغز بر تمرکز و رکورد تیراندازان تپانچه تأثیر معنا‌داری داشته و بهبود یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Direct Brain Electrical Stimulation on Concentration and the Record of Pistol Shooter

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farnaz Torabi 1
  • Zahra Mortazaeedarsara 2

1 Associate Professor,Department of Sport Sciences, Payame Noor University,Tehran,Iran

2 MS of Motor Development,Payame Noor University,Tehran,Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract

Concentration is an important rool in shooting, Some consider the ability to concentrate to be a natural and inherent talent of athletes, while these abilities are not innate and are skills that athletes can acquire through practice and learning.The use of direct brain electrical stimulation is one of the ways to increase the concentration. This study focused on effect of Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the concentration and record of 16 to 26 year old pistol shooters in Isfahan was investigated, 30 subjects (consisted of women and gentlemen were present. 15 of them were in experimental group and 15 subjects were selected for control group. Before the beginning of the study, subjects of both groups were subjected to a pretest including a stroop test and a complete shot form 60 arrows with a scatt machine. Then the experimental group went under the influence of tDCS from the T3 and CZ regions for 20 minutes with voltage of 1 mA per day and it continued for 10 sessions. All subjects were subjected to post-test, which was the same as the pre-test after the end of work and 7 days later. Data were analyzed by SPSS . The results showed that Transcranial direct current stimulation had a significant effect on the concentration and the record of the pistol shooters. The results of both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (P <0.05) indicated that tDCS had a significant effect on concentration and record of pistol shooters and it improved by using tDCS.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Concentration
  • record
  • shooting
  • Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)
  • pistol
  1. Reinkemeir,H.Buhmann,G.Sport psychology and competition.MEC.2nd edition,March .2010.P: 3-6.
  2. Martin, K. Winter, G. Practical Guide to Sports Psychology. Seyed Kazem Vaez Mousavi. Publications of the National Olympic Committee, Teaching, No:2, 1995.P:53.(In Persian).
  3. Nazakat Al-Husseini, M. Jaberi, A. Psychology of Sports and Exercise. University of Isfahan Publications, First Edition, 2014.P:354.(In Persian)
  4. [1]-Martin, K. Winter, G. Practical Guide to Sports Psychology. Seyed Kazem Vaez Mousavi. Publications of the National Olympic Committee, Teaching, No. 2, 1995.p53-55.( In Persian) .
  5. Kahouri, Mehdi. Mind and Focus on Sports, 2010. P:1.( In Persian).
  6. http://shenagar 145. Blogfa.com.
  7. M.Shootingpsychology.VaezMousavi.SK,Hashemimasoumi.E.No.1
  8. .1390.P:68. (In Persian).
  9. Vaez Mousavi.MK,Mosayebi.F.Sport Psychology.Edition11,1399.P:194.(In Persian).
  10. Stagg, C. J., and Nitsche, M. A. Physiological basis of transcranial direct current stimulation. Neuroscientist.2011.P: 17, 37–53.
  11. Fregni, F., and Pascual-Leone, A.Technology insight: noninvasive brain stimulation in neurology—perspectives on the therapeutic potential of rTMS and tDCS. Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol.2007. P:3, 383–393.
  12. Reinkemeir,H.Buhmann,G.Sport psychology and competition.MEC.2nd edition,March .2010.P: 5.
  13. Reinkemeir,H.Buhmann,G.Sport psychology and competition.MEC.2nd edition,March .2010.P:103.
  14. Ashrafi, H R. Arab Sheibani, Kh.Elmi Manesh,N.The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on visual and auditory in people with ADHD.No4.18.1397.P:8.( In Persian.
  15. Ashrafi, H R. Arab Sheibani, Kh.Elmi Manesh,N.The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on visual and auditory in people with ADHD.No4.18.1397.P:9.( In Persian).
  16. Ashrafi, H R. Arab Sheibani, Kh.Elmi Manesh,N.The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on visual and auditory in people with ADHD.No4.18.1397.P:9.( In Persian).
  17. Amini Masouleh. M,Ghazanfariyan pour.S,Beirami .Mansour.Comparison of the effectiveness of different transcranial direct current stimulation protocols (tdcs) with cognitive exercises in improving response inhibition in normal individuals.Shenakht journal of psychology and psychiatry.Vol.6.No,3.2019.P:12. (In Persian)
  18. Masoomzadeh, C. US athletes using brain stimulation(tdcs) to improve Olympic performance.2016.p:1.( In Persian).
  19. sportsychology.ir
  20. J,Rostami.R,Shahvaroughi.A,Ranjbar.S.The effectiveness of neurofeedback training on enhancing discrete skills of In Persian athletes.JMLM.Volume12.Issue2.2020.P:2.( In Persian).
  21. Naghizadeh,Z.Movahedi,A M.Namazizadeh, M.Mirdamadi,M.The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on performance of two- point field throws in skilled basketball players.JMLM-Volume 12- Issue3.2020.P:13. (In Persian).
  22. http/www.issf-sport.org
  23. Transcranial direct current stimulation. Available from:
  24. com. Accessed 2014.P:3.( In Persian).
  25. Moslemi,B.Azmodeh,M.Tabatabaei,S.M.Alivandi vafa,M.The Effect of Transcranial Direct Stimulation on Dorsolateral Prefrontal cortex: a Review of its Role on cognitive functions.No8.1.1398.P:4.( In Persian).
  26. Ashrafi, H R. Arab Sheibani, Kh.Elmi Manesh,N.The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on visual and auditory in people with ADHD.No4.18.1397.P:3.( In Persian).
  27. R,Patel, J.Aschroft, A.patel, H,Ashrafian,A,Woods,H.Singh,A.Darzi,A.Richard leff.The effect of transcranial current stimulationon upper_limb motor performance in healthy adults.Nerosci.15 November2019.P:1.
  28. Arkan, A. Yaryary, p. Stimulation of the brain on the skull using direct electric current (tDCS) on working memory of healthy individuals, Psychological Quarterly, Volume 2, Number 2, 2014.p:15. (In Persian).
  29. Islamizadeh, M.J. Behbahanian, Sh. Mahdavi, S. M. Introduction to Intracranial Magnetic Stimulation Technologies and Electrical and Cranial Stimulation Technologies: Their Applications in Promoting Cognitive Functions and Cognitive Rehabilitation. Volume 4, Number 2. 1395.P:79. (In Persian)
  30. Zamani,G.Doostan,M. The effect of Transcanial Direct Current Stimulation on workingm memory and reactiontime in athlete girls.Neuropsychology.Vol.3,NO.3,(Series10),Autumn2017.P:51. (In Persian)
  31. Shabahang, R.Abedanzadeh, and H.Ramezanzade.The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the working memory. Sport psychology studies. Volume9, NO 31,2020.P:19. (In Persian).
  32. Bahrami,A.R,Moradi .J,Etaati.Z.The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on mental fatigue and performance of basketball player.Sport psychology studies,10(35).2021.P:14.(In Persion).DOI:10.22089/Spsyj.2020.8453.1917
  33. Ruffini, G.TDCS clinical research, highlights: Cognitiveenhancement. Released:Oct 19th.2013.P:5-6.
  34. Laura, E M.Michael, C T. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) on human memory.Sandia national laboratories.18616.2014.P:1.
  35. Shabahang, R.Abedanzadeh, and H.Ramezanzade.The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the working memory. Sport psychology studies. Volume9, NO 31,2020.P:6. (In Persian).
  36. Masoomzadeh,C.US athletes using brainstimulation(tdcs) to improve Olympic performance.2016.p:1.( In Persian).
  37. Ruffini, G.TDCS clinical research,highlights: Cognitiveenhancement.SL.
  38. Released:Oct 19th.2013.P:5-6.
  39. Marcelo Victor, C,. Maurizio, B,. Paulo, B,.Felipe, F. Improving cycling performance :Transcranial direct current stimulation increases time to exhaustion in cycling.Plos one.2015.P:12.
  40. Yong hyun,K,.Kyung Woo,K,.Sung Min,S,.Na Kyung,l.Is effect of transcranial direct stimulation on visuomotor coordination dependent on task difficulty.Neural regeneration research.volume10:Issue3.2015.P:5.
  41. Nils,H.Pixa and Bettina, Pollok.Effect of tdcs on Bimanual motor skill. Neurosci. 2018.P:52.
  42. K,Ketcham.CJ.Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation and dual_ task performance.Volume3,Issue1.2018.P:6.
  43. A.R,Nitsche.M.A,Bolognini.N,Bikson.M,Wagner.T,Merabet.L,Pascual-Leone.A.Clinical research with transcranial direct current stimulation(Tdcs):Challenges and future directions.Brain stimulation,5(3).2012.P:175-195.
  44. Moslemi,B.Azmodeh,M.Tabatabaei,SM.Alivandi Vafa,M. The effect of transcranial direct stimulation on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex:a review of its role on cognitive functions.8(1).2019.P:5.( In Persian).
  45. Moslemi,B.Azmodeh,M.Tabatabaei,SM.Alivandi Vafa,M. The effect of transcranial direct stimulation on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex:a review of its role on cognitive functions.8(1).2019.P:6,7.( In Persian).
  46. Arastoo,AA.Zahednejad,SH.Parsaei,S.Alboghebish,S.Ameriasl,H.The effect of direct stimulation in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on working memory in veterans and disabled athletes.No.139.2019.P:6. (In Persian).
  47. Arastoo,AA.Zahednejad,SH.Parsaei,S.Alboghebish,S.Ameriasl,H.The effect of direct stimulation in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on working memory in veterans and disabled athletes.No.139.2019.P:6.( In Persian).
  48. C,Jayaran.G,Pastor.D,Kincses.Z,Matthews.P and Johansenberg. H.Polarity and timing dependent effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in explicit motor learning. Neuropsychology,49(5).2011.p: 800-804.
  49. Amini,M.Ghazanfariyan pour,S.Beirami,M.Comarson of the effectiveness of different transcranial direct current stimulation protocols(tDCS) with cognitive exercises in improving response inhibition in normal individuals.Shenakht Journal of psychology and psychiatry.6(3).2019.P:4.( In Persian).
  50. Apsvalka,D.Ramsey,R.Cross,Emilys.Anodal tdcs over primary motor cortex provides no advantage to learning motor sequences via observation.Neural plasticity.Volume 2018.P:11.
  51. Montenegro,R.Okano,A.Gurgel,G.Motor cortex tdcs not improve strength performance in healthy subjects.Motriz, Rio Claro,V.2015.P:190.
  52. Shabahang, R.Abedanzadeh, and H.Ramezanzade.The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the working memory. Sport psychology studies. Volume9, NO 31,2020.P:5. (In Persian).
  53. Bahrami,A.R,Moradi .J,Etaati.Z.The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on mental fatigue and performance of basketball player.Sport psychology studies,10(35).2021.P:14.(In Persion).DOI:10.22089/Spsyj.2020.8453.1917
  54. Naghizadeh, Z.Movahedi,A M.Namazizadeh, M.Mirdamadi,M.The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on performance of two- point field throws in skilled basketball players.JMLM-Volume 12- Issue3.2020.P:15.( In Persian).
  55. Granperrin,Y.Grospretre,S.Nicolier,M.Gimenez,PH.Vidal,CH.Haffenand,E.Bennabi,D.Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on sports performance for two profiles of athletes (power and endurance)(COMPETE):a protocol for randomized, crossover,double blind,controlled exploratory trail.21:461.2020.P:14.
  56. Naghizadeh,Z.Movahedi,AM.Namazizadeh, M.Mirdamadi,M.The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on performance of two- point field throws in skilled basketball players.JMLM-Volume 12- Issue3.2020.P:3,4.( In Persian).