تاثیر دستکاری قیود تکلیف بر شاخص های عملکردی و اضطراب مرتبط با ترس از افتادن در سالمندان

بارانی, حسنیه; بلالی, مرضیه; نصیری, اسمعیل

doi:10.22059/jsmdl.2022.338916.1641

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

¹ گروه رفتار حرکتی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

² گروه رفتار حرکتی، واحد تهران مرکزی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

³ گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22059/jsmdl.2022.338916.1641

چکیده

مقدمه: قیود تکلیف و محیط در فعالیت‌های شناختی، ادراکی، تصمیم گیری و رفتار های تاکتیکی بسیار حائز اهمیت است. قیود تکلیف در زمینه های اجرا از قیود محیطی اختصاصی تر هستند، از این رو تحقیق حاضر در نظر دارد به بررسی تأثیر دستکاری قیود تکلیف بر شاخصهای عملکردی و اضطراب مرتبط با ترس از افتادن در سالمندان بپردازد.
روش پژوهش: بدین منظور ۴۵ بانوی سالمند (در دامنه سنی 60 تا 66 سال) به صورت تصادفی در سه گروه دستکاری قیود تکلیف ، بدون دستکاری قیود تکلیف و گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند. سپس گروههای تجربی تمرینات دستکاری قیود تکلیف و تمرینات بدون دستکاری قیود تکلیف را به مدت هشت هفته و هر هفته سه جلسه به مدت 45دقیقه انجام دادند. گروه کنترل نیز، طی مدت اجرای تحقیق به فعالیت عادی خود ادامه دادند.
یافته ها: در تحقیق حاضر برای ارزیابی شاخص‌های عملکردی از آزمون TUG و BESS و برای ارزیابی شاخص اضطراب از مقیاس ارزیابی اضطراب همیلتون استفاده شد. نتایج آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس با حذف اثر پیش‌آزمون نشان داد، گروه با دستکاری قیود تکلیف در شاخص‌های عملکردی و اضطراب به‌طور معنی‌داری (0/001=P) نسبت به گروه بدون دستکاری و کنترل نتایج بهتری بدست آوردند.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج این پژوهش بر استفاده از انواع دستکاریهای قیود تکلیف به عنوان نوعی راهبرد تدریس برای افراد سالمند حمایت کرد. همچنین موید تأثیر تمرینات با دستکاری قیود تکلیف است که باعث بهبود تعادل و کاهش ترس از افتادن در سالمندان می شود و با بهبود این توانایی خطر زمین خوردن در این قشر از جامعه کاهش می یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Manipulation of Task Restraints on Functional Indicators and Anxiety Related to Fear of Falling in the Elderly

نویسندگان [English]

Hosniyeh Barani ¹
Marzie Balali ²
Esmail Nasiri ³

¹ Department of Motor Behavior, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

² Department of Motor Behavior, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

³ Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Task and environment constraints are very important in cognitive, perceptual, decision-making, and tactical behaviors. Task constraints are more specific than environmental constraints in performance context, therefore, the present research intended to examine the effect of manipulation of task constraints on functional indicators and the anxiety related to the fear of falling in the elderly.
Methods: For this purpose, 45 elderly women (in the age range of 60 to 66 years) were randomly divided into three groups of manipulation of task constraints, without manipulation of task constraints, and control group. Then, the experimental groups performed exercises with manipulation of task constraints and exercises without manipulation of task constraints for eight weeks and three sessions per week for 45 minutes. The control group also continued their normal activities during the research period.
Results: In this research, TUG and BESS tests were used to evaluate performance indicators, and Hamilton's anxiety evaluation scale was used to evaluate the anxiety index. The results of the analysis of covariance by removing the effect of the pre-test showed that in terms of performance and anxiety the group with the manipulation of the task constraints obtained significantly better results (P=0.001) than the group without manipulation and control group.
Conclusion: The results of this research supported the use of various manipulations of task constraints as a kind of teaching strategy for the elderly. It also confirms the effect of exercises by manipulating the task constraints, which improves balance and reduces the fear of falling in the elderly. By improving this ability, the risk of falling in this social class is reduced.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Fear of falling
Manipulation
Homework restrictions
Elderly
Performance index

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