واکاوی تجارب روانی– اجتماعی داوران ورزشی: مطالعة پدیدارشناسی

شهابی کاسب, محمد رضا; محمد پور, شیما; زیدآبادی, رسول; عسکری تبار, انسیه سادات

doi:10.22059/jsmdl.2024.381899.1797

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

¹ گروه رفتار حرکتی ، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری ، سبزوار، ایران.

² گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران .

³ گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران.

⁴ گروه رفتار حرکتی ، دانشکده علوم ورزشی ، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد ، مشهد، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22059/jsmdl.2024.381899.1797

چکیده

مقدمه:داوران ورزشی در دوران شغلی خودشان تحت تأثیر عوامل مختلف درونی و بیرونی قرار می‌گیرند و تجارب زیستة متفاوت و متنوعی دارند که می‌تواند بر عملکرد آنها تأثیرگذار باشد. از این‌رو هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تجارب روانی – اجتماعی داوران ورزشی بود.
روش پژوهش: به لحاظ روش‌شناختی، این پژوهش در دامنۀ مطالعات کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی قرار می‌گیرد. شرکت‌کنندگان در پژوهش داوران زن و مرد در رشته‌های تیمی ورزشی مختلف در سال 1400- 1401 بودند که سابقة حداقل سه سال قضاوت در لیگ‌های استانی تا لیگ‌ها حرفه‌ای کشور را داشتند. شرکت‌کنندگان در پژوهش به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. نمونه‌گیری تا مرحلة رسیدن به اشباع ادامه یافت و در نهایت 20 داور از رشته‌های مختلف در پژوهش شرکت داشتند. ابزار پژوهش، مصاحبة نیمه‌ساختاریافته بود. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌های کیفی از روش هفت‌مرحله‌ای کُلایزی استفاده شد. همچنین برای عدم سوگیری و همگرایی از چندسویه‌سازی (داده‌ها، محقق) استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: بر اساس تحلیل یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر سه مضمون اصلی مربوط به تجارب خوشایند شامل راهبردهای مقابله‌ای مسئله‌مدار، به‌کارگیری مهارت‌های روانی و تاب‌آوری /سرسختی ذهنی، و سه مضمون اصلی مربوط به تجارب ناخوشایند شامل استرس شغلی، اضطراب شناختی و افسردگی به‌دست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که شغل داوری آثار خوشایند و ناخوشایندی روانی و اجتماعی بر روی داوران ایرانی داشته است. از این‌رو آگاهی و درک متقابل از این تجارب می‌تواند زمینه‌ساز تصمیم‌گیری‌های لازم توسط مدیران و مسئولان ورزشی کشور باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Psycho-Social Experiences of Sports ‎Referee‏:‏ A Phenomenological Study

نویسندگان [English]

Mohammad Reza Shahabi Kaseb ¹
Shima Mohammadpour ²
rasool zeidabadi ³
Ensieh Sadat Askari Tabar ⁴

¹ Department of Motor behavior,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.

² Department of Motor behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Hakim Sabzavari, Sabzavar, Iran

³ Department of Motor behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Hakim Sabzavari, Sabzavar, Iran.

⁴ Department of Motor behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad , Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: During their careers, sports referees are influenced by various internal and external factors and have different and diverse lived experiences that can affect their performance. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to investigate the psycho-social experiences of sports referees.
Methods: In terms of methodology, this research is in the field of qualitative studies of the phenomenological type. The participants in the research included male and female referees in different team sports disciplines in 1400-1401, who had at least three years of judging experience in provincial leagues up to national professional leagues. The participants in the study were selected through purposeful sampling. Sampling continued until the stage of reaching saturation, and finally, 20 referees from different fields participated in the research. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. In order to analyze the qualitative data, the seven-step Colisei method was used. Also, to avoid bias and convergence, multi-strain (data, researcher) was utilized.
Results: Based on the analysis of the findings of the present research, there are three main themes related to pleasant experiences, including problem-oriented coping strategies, using mental skills, and mental resilience/toughness. Additionally, three main themes related to unpleasant experiences were identified, including job stress, cognitive anxiety, and depression.
‎Conclusion: The results have shown that the work of refereeing has had both pleasant and unpleasant psychological and social effects on Iranian referees.Therefore, awareness and mutual understanding of these experiences can be ‎the basis for necessary decisions by managers and sports officials of the ‎country‎.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Lived Experiences
Phenomenology
Referees
Sports

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