واکاوی تجارب روانی– اجتماعی داوران ورزشی: مطالعه پدیدارشناسی

شهابی کاسب, محمد رضا; محمد پور, شیما; زیدآبادی, رسول; عسکری تبار, انسیه سادات

doi:10.22059/jsmdl.2024.381899.1797

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

¹ گروه رفتار حرکتی ، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری ، سبزوار، ایران.

² گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران .

³ گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران.

⁴ گروه رفتار حرکتی ، دانشکده علوم ورزشی ، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد ، مشهد، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22059/jsmdl.2024.381899.1797

چکیده

مقدمه:داوران ورزشی در طی دوران شغلی خودشان تحت تاثیر عوامل مختلف درونی و بیرونی قرار می گیرند وتجارب زیسته متفاوت و متنوعی دارند که می تواند بر عملکرد آن ها تاثیرگذار باشد.از این رو هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تجارب روانی- اجتماعی داوران ورزشی بود.
روش پژوهش: به لحاظ روش‎‎‌شناختی، این ‏پژوهش در دامنۀ مطالعات کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی قرار می‎‎گیرد. شرکت‌کنندگان در پژوهش شامل داوران زن و ‏مرد ‏در رشته‎‎های تیمی ورزشی مختلف در سال 1400- 1401 بود که سابقه حداقل سه سال قضاوت در لیگ‌های استانی تالیگ‌ها ‏حرفه‌ای ‏کشور را ‏داشتند. شرکت‎‎کنندگان‎ ‎در‎ ‎پژوهش‎ ‎به‎ ‎صورت‎ ‎نمونه گیری هدفمند انتخاب‎ ‎شدند. نمونه گیری تا مرحله
به‎ ‎اشباع‎ ‎ادامه‎ ‎‎یافت‎ ‎و‎ ‎در‎ ‎نهایت 20 داور از رشته‌های مختلف در پژوهش شرکت داشتند. ابزار پژوهش، مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته بود. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‎‎های ‏کیفی از روش هفت مرحله ای کُلایزی استفاده شد. همچنین برای عدم سوگیری و همگرایی از چند سویه‌سازی (داده‌ها، محقق) استفاده شد.
یافته ها: بر اساس تحلیل یافته های پژوهش حاضر سه مضمون ‏اصلی مربوط به تجارب خوشایند شامل راهبردهای ‏مقابله ای مساله مدار، بکارگیری مهارتهای روانی و ‏تاب آوری /سرسختی ذهنی، و سه مضمون اصلی مربوط به تجارب ناخوشایند شامل استرس شغلی، ‏اضطراب شناختی و افسردگی به دست آمد.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داده که شغل داوری آثار خوشایند ‏و ناخوشایندی روانی و اجتماعی بر روی داوران ایرانی داشته است. ‏لذا آگاهی و درک متقابل از این ‏تجارب می‎‎تواند زمینه ساز تصمیم‎گیری‎‎های لازم توسط مدیران و مسئولین ورزشی کشور باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Psycho-Social Experiences of Sports ‎Referee‏:‏ A Phenomenological Study

نویسندگان [English]

Mohammad Reza Shahabi Kaseb ¹
Shima Mohammadpour ²
rasool zeidabadi ³
Ensieh Sadat Askari Tabar ⁴

¹ Department of Motor behavior,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.

² Department of Motor behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Hakim Sabzavari, Sabzavar, Iran

³ Department of Motor behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Hakim Sabzavari, Sabzavar, Iran.

⁴ Department of Motor behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad , Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: During their careers, sports referees are influenced by various internal and external factors and have different and diverse lived experiences that can affect their performance. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to investigate the psycho-social experiences of sports referees.
Methods: In terms of methodology, this research is in the field of qualitative studies of the phenomenological type. The participants in the research included male and female referees in different team sports disciplines in 1400-1401, who had at least three years of judging experience in provincial leagues up to national professional leagues. The participants in the study were selected through purposeful sampling. Sampling continued until the stage of reaching saturation, and finally, 20 referees from different fields participated in the research. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. In order to analyze the qualitative data, the seven-step Colisei method was used. Also, to avoid bias and convergence, multi-strain (data, researcher) was utilized.
Results: Based on the analysis of the findings of the present research, there are three main themes related to pleasant experiences, including problem-oriented coping strategies, using mental skills, and mental resilience/toughness. Additionally, three main themes related to unpleasant experiences were identified, including job stress, cognitive anxiety, and depression.
‎Conclusion: The results have shown that the work of refereeing has had both pleasant and unpleasant psychological and social effects on Iranian referees.Therefore, awareness and mutual understanding of these experiences can be ‎the basis for necessary decisions by managers and sports officials of the ‎country‎.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Lived experiences
Phenomenology
Referees
Sports

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